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7\u3001HTTP<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5ba2\u6237-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a80\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n \u975e\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a(HTTP1.0)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n \u83b7\u53d6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u9700\u89812\u4e2aRTT<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u91cf\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u62c5<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u53862RTT\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6<\/p>\n \u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a(HTTP1.1)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n \u65e0\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u65f61RTT+\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u65f61RTT<\/p>\n \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a(HTTP1.1)\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7528\u65f63RTT<\/p>\n \u8868\u5355\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u4f7f\u7528POST\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u62a5\u6587\u4f53\u91cd\u4e0a\u4f20<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GET\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u653e\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u7684URL\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4e0a\u4f20<\/p>\n cookie\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u7684cookie\u9996\u90e8\u884c\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u7684cookie\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n web\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n \u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u94fe\u8def\u5230\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf<\/p>\n \u6761\u4ef6GET\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u5305\u542bIf-modified-since<\/p>\n \u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684<\/p>\n 8\u3001FTP<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5ba2\u6237-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a21\u300120\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5(\u7aef\u53e321)\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5(\u7aef\u53e320)<\/p>\n \u63a7\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n \u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/p>\n \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u94fe\u63a5\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e0d\u6df7\u6dc6\u6570\u636e\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ed3\u675f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5141\u8bb8\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e8b\u5148\u544a\u77e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n 9\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001SMTP<\/p>\n \u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u7bb1\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u961f\u5217\u3001\u62a5\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\u4ee3\u7406(\u5728\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u653e\u5165\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u7bb1)<\/p>\n \u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406->\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668->\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668->\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u90ae\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n SMTP\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5ba2\u6237-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a25\uff0cTCP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n SMTP\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u8f93\u90ae\u4ef6<\/p>\n \u62a5\u6587\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b7\u4f4dASCII\u7801<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cc\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c.\u201d\u6807\u8bc6\u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n \u5c06\u975eASCII\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aASCII\u7801\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n Base64\u7f16\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6bcf24bit\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u62104\u4e2a6bit\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aASCII\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n quoted-printable\u7f16\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n ASCII\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975eASCII\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u7528\u4e24\u4e2aASCII\u5b57\u7b26\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u2018=\u2019<\/p>\n \u90ae\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528SMTP\u4ece\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u83b7\u53d6\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aSMTP\u662fpush\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n POP3\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u5904\u7406\u3001\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u4f1a\u643a\u5e26\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n IMAP\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u52a8\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n \u5141\u8bb8\u83b7\u53d6\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/p>\n HTTP\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SMTP<\/p>\n SMTP\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n \u90ae\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f20\u9001\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406<\/p>\n 10\u3001SMTP\u4e0eHTTP\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001SMTP\u4e2d\u7684TCP\u94fe\u63a5\u7531\u60f3\u53d1\u9001\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u800cHTTP\u4e2d\u7684TCP\u94fe\u63a5\u7531\u60f3\u63a5\u6536\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53d1\u8d77<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001SMTP\u8981\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u4f7f\u75287\u4f4dASCII\u7801\u5f62\u5f0f\u800cHTTP\u62a5\u6587\u4e0d\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001HTTP\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c01\u88c5\u5230HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u800cSMTP\u628a\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u5bf9\u8c61\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001SMTP\u62a5\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u2018\u2019.\u2018\u2019\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u6807\u5fd7\u800cHTTP\u62a5\u6587\u5728\u9996\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n 11\u3001DNS<\/strong><\/p>\n DNS\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5206\u5c42\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e3b\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u67e5\u8be2\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u5ba2\u6237-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a53\uff0cUDP\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n DNS\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5230IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u522b\u540d\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u522b\u540d\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0fDNS\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u5355\u70b9\u6545\u969c<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5168\u90e8\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n \u67e5\u8be2\u539f\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e3b\u673a\u5c06\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5411\u5176\u4ed6DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n \u8fed\u4ee3\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a<\/p>\n \u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6743\u5a01\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n \u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u662f\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684<\/p>\n DNS\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6bcf\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u54cd\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n \u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03<\/p>\n \u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4ece\u800c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6839\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n DNS\u8d44\u6e90\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n (Name,Value,Type,TTL)<\/p>\n Type\u4e3aA\uff0cName\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\uff0cValue\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n Type\u4e3aNS\uff0cName\u4e3a\u57df\u540d\uff0cValue\u4e3a\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u57df\u4e2d\u4e3b\u673aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6743\u5a01DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n Type\u4e3aCNAME\uff0cValue\u4e3a\u522b\u540d\u4e3aName\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n Type\u4e3aMX\uff0cValue\u4e3a\u522b\u540d\u4e3aName\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/p>\n DNS\u62a5\u6587\u5c01\u88c5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u957f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e512\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528UDP\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f7f\u7528TCP\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u65f6\u5148\u4f7f\u7528UDP<\/p>\n 12\u3001P2P<\/strong><\/p>\n Bittorrent\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210256KB\u7684\u5757<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u52a0\u5165\u6d2a\u6d41\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u4e0a\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n \u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u65b9\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u5b50\u96c6<\/p>\n \u6700\u7a00\u7f55\u4f18\u5148\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u4e2d\u526f\u672c\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n 13\u3001\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u9884\u7f6e<\/p>\n 14\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u65e0\u9700\u77e5\u9053\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5c40\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027(\u80fd\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u670d\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a)<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/p>\n \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6309\u5e8f\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8(TCP)\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u6309\u5e8f\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8(UDP)<\/p>\n \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/p>\n \u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u670d\u52a1(UDP\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1)\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u548c\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u591a\u8def\u5206\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\uff1a\u4ece\u591a\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n \u591a\u8def\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n UDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff1a\u4e8c\u5143\u7ec4(IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7)<\/p>\n TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff1a\u56db\u5143\u7ec4(\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7)<\/p>\n UDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0eTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aUDP\u62a5\u6587\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684UDP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n \u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2aTCP\u62a5\u6587\u88ab\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684TCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u9664\u975eTCP\u62a5\u6587\u643a\u5e26\u4e86\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n 3\u3001UDP<\/strong><\/p>\n UDP\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u548c\u591a\u8def\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u68c0\u6d4b\u62a5\u6587\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u9009\u62e9UDP\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u4f55\u65f6\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u4ec0\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7ec6<\/p>\n TCP\u4f1a\u6709\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4ece\u800c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u5f15\u5165\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u5ef6<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u9996\u90e8\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f<\/p>\n UDP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u9996\u90e88\u5b57\u8282\uff0cTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u9996\u90e820\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n UDP\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u9ad8\u4e22\u5305\u7387\u5e76\u4e14\u6324\u630eTCP\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n \u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u770b\u621016bit\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7247\u6bb5\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u6ea2\u51fa\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u52a01\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53cd\u7801<\/p>\n \u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a\u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u768416bit\u7247\u6bb5\u548c\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u76f8\u52a0\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5168\u4e3a1\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n UDP\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5dee\u9519\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n 4\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001rdt1.0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u65e0\u6bd4\u7279\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u65e0\u4e22\u5305<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5747\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001rdt2.0\uff1a\u505c\u7b49\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u5dee\u9519\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u5206\u7ec4(\u4e0d\u52a0\u5e8f\u53f7)\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u53cd\u9988(\u6536\u5230ACK\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u6536\u5230NAK\uff0c\u91cd\u4f20)<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6536\u5230\u51fa\u9519\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001NAK\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5230ACK\u540e\u624d\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u81f4\u547d\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651ACK\u3001NAK\u62a5\u6587\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001rdt2.1<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u5dee\u9519\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u5206\u7ec4\u5e8f\u53f7(1\u4e2abit)<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u5206\u7ec4(\u52a0\u5165\u5e8f\u53f7)\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u53cd\u9988(\u6536\u5230NAK\u6216\u8005\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u91cd\u4f20\uff1b\u6536\u5230ACK\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001)<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b92\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6536\u5230\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001NAK\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u5197\u4f59\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u65b0\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001rdt2.2<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u5dee\u9519\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u4e0a\u6b21\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u7684ACK\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f53\u524d\u5206\u7ec4\u7684NAK\uff0cACK\u4e2d\u663e\u5f0f\u643a\u5e26\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6536\u5230\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684ACK\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u51fa\u9519\u5206\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u975e\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684ACK\uff0c\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b92\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6536\u5230\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u51fa\u9519\u5206\u7ec4\u6216\u8005\u975e\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u91cd\u53d1\u4e0a\u4e00\u5206\u7ec4\u7684ACK\uff0c\u4e0d\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2464\u3001rdt3.0\uff1a\u6bd4\u7279\u4ea4\u66ff\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u5dee\u9519\u7684\u4e22\u5305\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5012\u8ba1\u6570\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u4fbf\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\u542f\u52a8\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684ACK\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u6536\u5230\u975e\u671f\u5f85\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684ACK\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u53d1\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b92\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u4e0erdt2.2\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u65f6\u624d\u91cd\u4f20\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5197\u4f59ACK\u4e0d\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u2465\u3001GBN\uff1a\u56de\u9000N\u6b65<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u672a\u6ee1\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684ACK\uff1a\u7d2f\u79ef\u786e\u8ba4\uff0cACK\u5e8f\u53f7\u53ca\u5176\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5168\u90e8\u6b63\u786e\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7684ACK\uff1a\u4e0d\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n \u8d85\u65f6\uff1a\u91cd\u4f20\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u4e22\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5931\u5e8f\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u5b58\u4efb\u4f55\u5931\u5e8f\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u2466\u3001SR\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u91cd\u4f20<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u4e14\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u5e8f\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u4ec5\u8ba9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u91cd\u4f20\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u9700\u5355\u72ec\u786e\u8ba4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff1a\u4e0eGBN\u534f\u8bae\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684ACK\uff1a\u6807\u8bb0\u5206\u7ec4\u5df2\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n \u8d85\u65f6\uff1a\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u63a5\u53d7\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff0c\u82e5\u5206\u7ec4\u5931\u5e8f\u5219\u7f13\u5b58\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u82e5\u5206\u7ec4\u5e8f\u53f7\u7b49\u4e8e\u57fa\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ece\u57fa\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u63a5\u53d7\u7a97\u53e3\u5de6\u4fa7\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3aN\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a\u53d1\u9001ACK \u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0d\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a\u4e0d\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u6837\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5927\u4e8e\u5e8f\u53f7\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u534a<\/p>\n GBN\u534f\u8bae\u548cSR\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n GBN\uff1a\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e0d\u76f8\u4ea4<\/p>\n SR\uff1a\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4ea4<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7a97\u53e3\uff1a<\/p>\n GBN\uff1a\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n SR\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u671f\u5f85\u4f46\u672a\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u3001\u5931\u5e8f\u4e14\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n 5\u3001TCP<\/strong><\/p>\n \u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n \u6700\u5927\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u957f\u5ea6+TCP\/IP\u62a5\u6587\u9996\u90e8(40\u5b57\u8282) < \u6700\u5927\u4f20\u8f93\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n TCP\u62a5\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6807\u5fd7\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n RST\u3001SYN\u3001FIN\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u62c6\u9664<\/p>\n PSH\u6307\u793a\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u62a5\u6587\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42<\/p>\n URG\u8868\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n TCP\u53d1\u9001\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n URG\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u524d\u90e8<\/p>\n \u5e8f\u53f7\uff1a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7(\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb)<\/p>\n \u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\uff1a\u4e3b\u673aA\u586b\u5165\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n TCP\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5931\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u5206\u7ec4\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u88ab\u88c5\u5728\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u4e2d\u7684<\/p>\n TCP\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u503c\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4ec5\u4e3a\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u4f46\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97sampleRTT\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u91cd\u4f20\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97sampleRTT(\u539f\u56e0\uff1aACK\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027)<\/p>\n $EstimatedRTT = (1 – \\alpha)EstimatedRTT + \\alpha \\cdot SampleRTT$<\/p>\n \u5178\u578b\u7684$\\alpha = 0.125$<\/p>\n $DevRTT = (1- \\beta)DevRTT + \\beta \\cdot |SampleRTT-EstimatedRTT|$<\/p>\n \u5178\u578b\u7684$\\beta = 0.25$<\/p>\n $TimeoutInterval = EstimatedRTT+4 \\cdot DevRTT$<\/p>\n \u63a8\u8350\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a1s\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\u540e\u7ffb\u500d\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0$EstimatedRTT$\u540e\u540c\u6837\u66f4\u65b0$TimeoutInterval$<\/p>\n \u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u53d1\u9001\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u7d2f\u79ef\u786e\u8ba4<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u91c7\u7528\u91cd\u4f20\u6765\u6062\u590d\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u4ec5\u5bf9\u6700\u65e9\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668(GBN)<\/p>\n \u8d85\u65f6\u540e\u4ec5\u91cd\u4f20\u6700\u65e9\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u5206\u7ec4(SR)\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8d85\u65f6\u540e\u8d85\u65f6\u95f4\u9694\u52a0\u500d\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230ACK\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59ACK\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\uff1a<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001ACK\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5177\u6709\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u90fd\u5df2\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d1\u9001ACK\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u7b49\u5f85500ms\uff0c\u6bcf\u76f8\u9694\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e38\u786e\u8ba4\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n \u5177\u6709\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u786e\u8ba4\uff1b\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001ACK<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u5931\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u5197\u4f59ACK<\/p>\n \u6536\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u586b\u5145\u95f4\u9699\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff1b\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001ACK<\/p>\n \u5ef6\u8fdf\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf<\/p>\n \u5ef6\u8fdf\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u592a\u5927\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\uff1b\u5ef6\u8fdf\u786e\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4RTT\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e<\/p>\n TCP\u534f\u8bae\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u4f20\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u53d1\u9ed8\u5199\u4e22\u5931\u4e86ACK\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d85\u65f6\u95f4\u9694\u8fc7\u5c0f\u65f6\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u7ec4\u91cd\u53d1<\/p>\n TCP\u5dee\u9519\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\u662fGBN\u548cSR\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f53<\/p>\n \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f7f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u901f\u7387\u76f8\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n \u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3=$RcvBuffer – [LastByteRcvd – LastByteRead]$<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u800c\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n \u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u4e3a0\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u53ea\u67091\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5(\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u9001)\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u77e5\u63a5\u6536\u7a97\u53e3\u5df2\u589e\u5927<\/p>\n \u89e6\u53d1TCP\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n \u5355\u5411\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53ea\u6709\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1TCP\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u7cca\u6d82\u7a97\u53e3\u7efc\u5408\u5f81\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u9001\u5fae\u5c0f\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u6d6a\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u5e26\u5bbd<\/p>\n 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\u2460\u3001\u6162\u542f\u52a8(\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f)<\/p>\n \u4e00\u6761TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aMSS\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u88ab\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aMSS<\/p>\n \u6162\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u6162\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a<\/p>\n \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u4e8e\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u5982\u679c\u68c0\u6d4b\u52303\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59ACK\uff0c\u5c06\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d<\/p>\n \u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u6bcf\u4e2aRTT\u589e\u5927\u4e00\u4e2aMSS<\/p>\n \u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\uff1a\u5c06\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u6162\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a<\/p>\n \u51fa\u73b03\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59ACK\uff1a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u964d\u4e3a\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5197\u4f59ACK\uff0c\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aMSS<\/p>\n \u4e22\u5931\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n \u51fa\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\uff1a\u5c06\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u6162\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9608\u503c\u7f6e\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4e00\u534a<\/p>\n TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u541e\u5410\u91cf(\u5ffd\u7565\u6162\u542f\u52a8)\uff1a<\/p>\n \u541e\u5410\u91cf=0.75W\/RTT\uff0cW\u4e3a\u4e22\u5305\u65f6\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n \u7ecf\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u8def\u5f84\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u541e\u5410\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n \u541e\u5410\u91cf=$1.22MSS\/(RTT \\sqrt{L})$\uff0cL\u4e3a\u4e22\u5305\u7387<\/p>\n \u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0bTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd(\u516c\u5e73\u6027)\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0fRTT\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4eab\u53d7\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/p>\n 6\u3001TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2dACK\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u62c6\u9664\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n 7\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n \u901a\u8fc7\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7f13\u5b58\u5b9e\u73b0\u6309\u5e8f\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u62c6\u9664\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n 8\u3001TCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u9274\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n 1\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8f6c\u53d1\uff1a\u5c06\u5206\u7ec4\u4ece\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u7ec4\u4ece\u6e90\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\uff1a\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5206\u7ec4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5(\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a)<\/p>\n \u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\u8868\u4e2d\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u9700\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u65e0\u987b\u7ed9\u51fa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u80fd\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u5ef6\u4e0a\u754c\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ea4\u4ed8<\/p>\n \u80fd\u5bf9\u5206\u7ec4\u6d41\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a\u6709\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u5c0f\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u5927\u65f6\u5ef6\u6296\u52a8\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u670d\u52a1(\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u6e90\u9274\u522b)<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n \u865a\u7535\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u670d\u52a1(\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5)\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n \u865a\u7535\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3001VC\u53f7\u3001\u6cbf\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u9879<\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540cVC\u53f7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u51cf\u5c0fVC\u53f7\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u865a\u7535\u8def\u5efa\u7acb<\/p>\n Internet(\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7f51\u7edc)\u4e0eATM(\u865a\u7535\u8def\u7f51\u7edc)\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/p>\n Internet\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u800cATM\u6709<\/p>\n Internet\u7ec8\u7aef\u5177\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u800cATM\u6ca1\u6709<\/p>\n Internet\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5c0f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u94fe\u8def\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u7ec8\u7aef<\/p>\n \u865a\u7535\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u66f4\u65b0\u901f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n 4\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n \u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u94fe\u8def\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u67e5\u8868\u3001\u6392\u961f\u3001\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1<\/p>\n \u4ea4\u6362\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7ecf\u5185\u5b58\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u7ecf\u603b\u7ebf\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u7ecf\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362(\u53ef\u5e76\u884c)<\/p>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a\u7ec4\u88c5\u3001\u6392\u961f\u3001\u8c03\u5ea6<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8868\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u5e73\u9762\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5e73\u9762\u7531\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n \u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u6392\u961f\uff1a\u5f53\u4ea4\u6362\u901f\u7387\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u901f\u7387\u7684n\u500d\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6392\u961f(n\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u6570)<\/p>\n \u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u6392\u961f\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u6392\u961f\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u6392\u961f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684<\/p>\n \u5206\u7ec4\u4e22\u5f03\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u5f03\u5c3e\uff1a\u961f\u5217\u6ee1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e22\u5f03\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u961f\u5217\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u5728\u961f\u5217\u6ee1\u4e4b\u524d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e22\u5f03\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n RED\uff1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u5e73\u5747\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u5230\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6982\u7387p\u4e22\u5f03\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u5f53\u5e73\u5747\u961f\u5217\u4ea7\u5730\u80a1\u5230\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u5230\u8fbe\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n 5\u3001IP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n Internet\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1aIP\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n \u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n \u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a20\u5b57\u8282 \u5355\u4f4d\uff1a4\u5b57\u8282\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01<\/p>\n \u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5206\u7ec4\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aTTL\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u5bf9IP\u9996\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97(TCP\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2aTCP\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u8ba1\u7b97)<\/p>\n \u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u62a5\u6587\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9TCP\u6216\u8005UDP<\/p>\n \u5206\u7247\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u4e0e\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7<\/p>\n \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a1\uff0c\u504f\u79fb\u503c\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a8\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n \u5206\u7247\u4ec5\u5728\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u91cd\u7ec4<\/p>\n IPv4\u7f16\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u8005\u8def\u7531\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u8054<\/p>\n \u5355\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7+\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7<\/p>\n \u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u51680\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab<\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u51681\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e7f\u64ad<\/p>\n 32\u4f4d\u51681\uff1a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e7f\u64ad<\/p>\n 32\u4f4d\u51680\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u672c\u673a<\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u51680\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u6709\u6548\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u672c\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n \u5f62\u5982127.xxx.yyy.xxx\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u8def\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0d\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a<\/p>\n \u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u6570\u4e3a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u5bb9\u91cf\u51cf2<\/p>\n \u5b50\u7f51\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u53f7\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7<\/p>\n \u8f6c\u53d1\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n \u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u5206\u7ec4\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u67d0\u4e00\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d<\/p>\n \u95f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u5206\u7ec4\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d<\/p>\n \u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d<\/p>\n DHCP\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740255.255.255.255\uff0c\u6e90\u5730\u57400.0.0.0<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740255.255.255.255<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001DHCP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740255.255.255.255\uff0c\u6e90\u5730\u57400.0.0.0<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001DHCP ACK\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740255.255.255.255<\/p>\n DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u7aef\u53e367\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u7aef\u53e368<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5730\u5740\u590d\u7528<\/p>\n NAT\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5e94\u5f53\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u5c42\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u8fdd\u53cd\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n ICMP\uff1a<\/p>\n ICMP\u62a5\u6587\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3aIP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684<\/p>\n \u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fICMP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u643a\u5e26ICMP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7247\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u591a\u64ad\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n \u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5740(\u5982127.0.0.0\u62160.0.0.0)\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n \u62a5\u544a\u9519\u8bef\u7684ICMP\u62a5\u6587\u5305\u542b\u5f15\u8d77\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\u7684IP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u548c\u524d8\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n ICMP\u62a5\u6587\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u9488\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n IPv6\uff1a<\/p>\n IPv6\u4e0eIPv4\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684Internet\u534f\u8bae\u90fd\u517c\u5bb9<\/p>\n IPv6\u5730\u5740\uff1a128\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bcf16\u4f4d\u4ee516\u8fdb\u5236\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u4e3a\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u7ec40\u538b\u7f29\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bf9\u5192\u53f7<\/p>\n IPv6\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n 40\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5b9a\u957f\u9996\u90e8<\/p>\n \u6d41\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/p>\n \u6d41\u6807\u7b7e(\u6d41\u662f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u4f20\u8f93\u7279\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u76f8\u540c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u636e\u62a5)<\/p>\n \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9996\u90e8\uff1a\u6807\u8bc6\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u8be5\u4ea4\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5206\u7247\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u9996\u90e8\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u5197\u4f59<\/p>\n \u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9996\u90e8\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n \u6539\u53d8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n \u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u53d8\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n IPv4\u548cIPv6\u8fc7\u6e21\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n \u53cc\u6808\uff1a\u652f\u6301IPv6\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884cIPv4\u548cIPv6\uff0cIPv4\u548cIPv6\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n \u96a7\u9053\uff1aIPv6\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5c06\u6574\u4e2aIPv6\u62a5\u6587\u653e\u5728IPv4\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n 6\u3001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\uff08\u5168\u5c40\uff0c\u5206\u6563\uff09\u3001\uff08\u9759\u6001\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\uff09\u3001\uff08\u8d1f\u8f7d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8fdf\u949d\uff09<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5(LS)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5168\u5c40<\/p>\n \u57fa\u7840\uff1aDijsktra\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u9760\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u5168\u7f51\u62d3\u666e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6743\u62d3\u6251\u56fe\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n \u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u90bb\u5c45\u3001\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u6784\u6210\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u5411\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6536\u5230\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5206\u7ec4\u6784\u9020\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\u654f\u611f\u7684\u9707\u8361<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5(DV)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5206\u6563\u5f0f<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u5c06\u5b83\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u90bb\u5c45\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4ece\u90bb\u5c45\u6536\u5230\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528B-F\u65b9\u7a0b\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u90bb\u5c45\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u3001\u8282\u70b9\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf<\/p>\n \u597d\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u5feb\uff0c\u574f\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u6162<\/p>\n \u73af\u8def\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u6bd2\u6027\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u5982\u679cz\u901a\u8fc7y\u5230\u8fbex\uff0c\u5c31\u901a\u544az\u5230x\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981z\u7ecfy\u5230\u8fbex\uff0c\u5c31\u6301\u7eed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c0e\u8a00\u3002\u8be5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u8ba1\u6570\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u52303\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u73af\u8def\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001LS\u7b97\u6cd5\u548cDV\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong><\/p>\n LS\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u3001\u7ed3\u70b9\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u6269\u6563<\/p>\n DV\uff1a\u5206\u6563\u3001\u7ed3\u70b9\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u6269\u6563<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n \u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u5904\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u57df\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n \u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae(intra-AS)\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n \u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae(inter-AS)\uff1a\u4ece\u76f8\u90bb\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5411\u8be5AS\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f20\u64ad\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u4e0d\u540c\u7684AS\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684intra-AS\u534f\u8bae\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684inter-AS\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n 7\u3001Internet\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n Intra-AS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001RIP<\/strong><\/p>\n \u91c7\u7528\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae(UDP\u7aef\u53e3520)<\/p>\n \u4f7f\u7528\u8df3\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc715\u8df3<\/p>\n RIP\u901a\u544a\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u643a\u5e26\u6700\u591a25\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u548c\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb<\/p>\n \u6bcf\u969430s\u4ea4\u6362\u4e00\u6b21RIP\u901a\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7180s\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u544a\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5931\u6548\u5e76\u53d1\u9001RIP\u901a\u544a<\/p>\n \u91c7\u7528\u6bd2\u6027\u9006\u8f6c\u89e3\u51b3\u65e0\u7a77\u7ea7\u6570\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u5468\u671f\u592a\u77ed\u3001\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001OSPF<\/strong><\/p>\n \u91c7\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7531IP\u627f\u8f7d\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u53f789<\/p>\n \u6838\u5fc3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d2a\u6cdb\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae\u548cdijkstra\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8ddd\u79bb\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n \u94fe\u8def\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5411AS\u5185\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5e7f\u64ad\u9009\u62e9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u8def\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf\u969430\u5206\u949f\u8981\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e00\u6b21<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u76f8\u540c\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6765\u627f\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u3001\u5bf9\u5355\u64ad\u548c\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u652f\u6301\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784(\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2aAS\u5206\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e72\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e72\u8d1f\u8d23\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u8fd0\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684OSPF\u534f\u8bae)<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/p>\n inter-AS\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n BGP\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae(TCP\u7aef\u53e3179)<\/p>\n \u53ea\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u80fd\u591f\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n AS-PATH\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u524d\u7f00\u901a\u544a\u5df2\u7ecf\u901a\u8fc7\u7684AS\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5f53\u81ea\u5df1\u7684AS\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728AS-PATH\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u8be5\u901a\u544a<\/p>\n NEXT-HOP\uff1a\u5f00\u59cb\u67d0AS-PASTH\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n \u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/p>\n \u9996\u5148\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730\u504f\u597d\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u6700\u77edAS-PATH\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u6700\u9760\u8fd1NEXT-HOP\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528BGP\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/p>\n \u6869\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5728\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u79bb\u5f00\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5728\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n 8\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001N\u6b21\u5355\u64ad\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u65b0\u7684\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u5206\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u4f20\u8f93(\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u590d\u5236\u7a0d\u5fae\u6539\u5584)\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3001\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u65e0\u63a7\u5236\u6d2a\u6cdb<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ed3\u70b9\u6536\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u5c45\u53d1\u9001\u8be5\u5206\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u6709\u73af\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u53d7\u63a7\u6d2a\u6cdb<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5e8f\u53f7\u63a7\u5236\u6d2a\u6cdb\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u53d1\u8fc7\u7684\u5206\u7ec4ID\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u8f6c\u53d1\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u53cd\u5411\u8def\u5f84\u8f6c\u53d1(RPF)\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u7ed3\u70b9\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5355\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u7ed3\u70b9\u4ec5\u8f6c\u53d1\u4ece\u672c\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6cd5\u76f8\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u5206\u7ec4<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u5408\u7406\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e14\u5f00\u9500\u4e0d\u5927<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u62f7\u8d1d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u64ad\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u7ec4\u88ab\u53d1\u5f80\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6210\u5458\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a<\/p>\n \u2463\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6811<\/strong><\/p>\n \u751f\u6210\u6811\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n \u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u60f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u9001\u5355\u64ad\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5355\u64ad\u62a5\u6587\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u52a0\u5165\u751f\u6210\u6811<\/p>\n 9\u3001\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><\/p>\n \u591a\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u6765\u6807\u8bc6<\/p>\n Internet\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae(IGMP):<\/strong>\u627f\u8f7d\u5728IP\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684IP\u534f\u8bae\u53f7\u4e3a2<\/p>\n \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5411\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u82e5\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u5411\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8def\u7531\u5668\u67d0\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u53e3\u5e7f\u64ad\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7ec4\u7684\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n \u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e3a\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u6e05\u9664\u8be5\u7ec4\uff0c\u5411\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u9000\u51fa\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6536\u5230\u9000\u51fa\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u82e5\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u53e3\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u5458\u5728\u8be5\u7ec4\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u9000\u51fa\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u4e14\u53ea\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u975e\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6e90\u7684\u6811<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u68f5\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u6bcf\u4e00\u68f5\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u591a\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u8f6c\u53d1<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u6811<\/p>\n MOSPF\uff1a\u6269\u5c55OSPF\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c06\u6bcf\u6761\u76f4\u8fde\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u5f53\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9047\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811<\/p>\n DVMRP\uff1a\u6269\u5c55RIP\u534f\u8bae\uff0cRPF\u5e7f\u64ad+\u526a\u679d<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u7ec4\u5171\u4eab\u6811\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u8be5\u6811\u7684\u6839\u662f\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n \u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u5c06\u5206\u7ec4\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u6838\u5fc3\u8f6c\u53d1(\u5c06\u591a\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u591a\u64ad\u7ec4\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u5740)<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u68f5\u591a\u64ad\u6811<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684<\/p>\n Internet\u7684\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n PIM<\/p>\n \u4e24\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7a20\u5bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u64ad+\u526a\u679d<\/p>\n \u7a00\u758f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5f88\u5c11\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u64ad\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u5171\u4eab\u6811\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u6d41\u91cf\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6e90\u7684\u6811<\/p>\n \u591a\u64ad\u5206\u7ec4\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5355\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u96a7\u9053<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n \u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u9009\u5b9a\u4ece\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c<\/p>\n \u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u62a5<\/p>\n \u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ec4\u5e27\u3001\u94fe\u8def\u63a5\u5165\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u548c\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u7ea0\u6b63\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u68c0\u9519\u5e76\u7ea0\u9519<\/p>\n \u540e\u5411\u7ea0\u9519\uff1a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u68c0\u9519\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e00\u7ef4\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u68c0\u9519\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5177\u6709\u7ea0\u9519\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5197\u4f59\u7801(CRC)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6240\u6709\u52a0\u51cf\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u501f\u4f4d<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u4e8er+1\u4f4d\u7684\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0r\u4e2a0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9664\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u4f59\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u76840<\/p>\n \u6027\u8d28\uff1a<\/p>\n \u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u591a\u4e8e\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u80fd\u88ab(1+x)\u9664\u5c3d\u7684\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u5076\u6570\u9879\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5076\u6570\u9879\u7684\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u5947\u6570\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u7801\u957f\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0fg(x)\u7684\u6307\u6570e(e\u662f\u80fd\u4f7fg(x)\u9664\u5c3d$x^e+1$\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6b63\u6574\u6570)\uff0c\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u7801\u957f\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eg(x)\u7684\u6307\u6570e\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f(x+1)g(x)\u751f\u6210\u7684CRC\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u548c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n n-m\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684CRC\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7n-m\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8em\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3an-m+1\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5360$2^{-(m-1)}$\uff0c\u82e5\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8em\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5360$2^{-m}$<\/p>\n 3\u3001\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\u94fe\u8def\u53ca\u534f\u8bae(MAC)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u2460\u3001\u4fe1\u9053\u5212\u5206\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5c06\u4fe1\u9053\u5212\u5206\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u5b50\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n \u65f6\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528(TDM)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u516c\u5e73<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7ed3\u70b9\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4e3aR\/N\u3001\u7ed3\u70b9\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u5f85\u8f6e\u6b21<\/p>\n \u9891\u5206\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528(FDM)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u516c\u5e73<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u5e26\u5bbd<\/p>\n \u7801\u5206\u591a\u5740(CDMA)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u4fe1\u9053<\/p>\n \u2461\u3001\u968f\u673a\u63a5\u5165\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u901f\u7387\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03<\/p>\n \u65f6\u9699ALOHA(slotted ALOHA)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6240\u6709\u5e27\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ea\u5728\u65f6\u9699\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u65f6\u9699\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u82e5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u9699\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6982\u7387p\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u6563\u3001\u5355\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u4fe1\u9053\u5e26\u5bbd<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65f6\u9699\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u9699\u88ab\u95f2\u7f6e\u3001\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u949f\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n ALOHA<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u9699\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u76d1\u542c\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u82e5\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u4ee5\u6982\u7387p\u91cd\u4f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u6982\u73871-p\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e27\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85<\/p>\n \u6bd4\u65f6\u9699ALOHA\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u949f\u540c\u6b65<\/p>\n \u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee(CSMA)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u524d\u4fa6\u542c\uff1a\u4fe1\u9053\u7a7a\u95f2\u5219\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7b49\u5f85<\/p>\n \u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7ed3\u70b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u4e5f\u5728\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5e27\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39<\/p>\n \u5177\u6709\u78b0\u649e\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u8f7d\u6ce2\u4fa6\u542c\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee(CSMA\/CD)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u78b0\u649e\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528CSMA\/CD\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6307\u6570\u540e\u9000\u7b97\u6cd5(\u5927\u4e8e10\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u9012\u589e\uff0c\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6570\u8981\u4e58\u4ee5512\u6bd4\u7279\u65f6\u95f4)<\/p>\n \u6548\u7387\uff1a$\\frac{1}{1+5t_{prop}\/t_{trans}}$\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u5ef6\u8d8b\u4e8e0\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u5ef6\u8d8b\u4e8e\u65e0\u7a77\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u8d8b\u4e8e1<\/p>\n \u2462\u3001\u8f6e\u6d41\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8f6e\u8be2<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u8f6e\u6d41\u9080\u8bf7\u7ed3\u70b9\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8f6e\u8be2\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n \u4ee4\u724c\u4f20\u9012<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5f15\u5165\u4ee4\u724c\u4f20\u9012\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u5355\u70b9\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n \u4e09\u79cdMAC\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4fe1\u9053\u5212\u5206\u534f\u8bae\u91cd\u8d1f\u8f7d\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff0c\u8f7b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u65f6\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\uff1b\u968f\u673a\u63a5\u5165\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u53cd<\/p>\n \u8f6e\u6d41\u534f\u8bae\u8bd5\u56fe\u6743\u8861\u4e24\u8005\uff0c\u6309\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u7ade\u4e89<\/p>\n 4\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0d\u5177\u6709MAC\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n \u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790(ARP)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u83b7\u53d6\u4e0eIP\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n \u53ea\u4e3a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u8def\u7531\u5668\u89e3\u6790<\/p>\n \u67e5\u8be2ARP\u62a5\u6587\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u53d1\u9001\u7684\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94ARP\u62a5\u6587\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5e27\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u7684<\/p>\n \u7ed3\u70b9\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u5e7f\u64ad\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u4e5f\u586b\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6536\u5230ARP\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u5219\u62a5\u544a\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u590d\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a1500\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u4e3a46\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27=\u6570\u636e+\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740(6B)+\u6e90\u5730\u5740(6B)+\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5(2B)+CRC(4B)+\u524d\u540c\u6b65\u7801(8B)<\/p>\n \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760(\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4)<\/p>\n \u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u5e27\u957f\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n \u786e\u4fdd\u7ed3\u70b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n 802.3z\uff1a1000mbps<\/p>\n \u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1<\/p>\n \u5bf9\u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5e27\uff0c\u5e7f\u64ad\u8be5\u5e27<\/p>\n \u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u4e2dMAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u8be5\u5e27<\/p>\n \u8f6c\u53d1\u8868\u4e2dMAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u8be5\u5e27<\/p>\n \u81ea\u4e3b\u5b66\u4e60\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u8fbe\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5e27\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n \u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u94fe\u8def(\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u7387\u8fd0\u884c)\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528\uff0c\u9ad8\u5206\u7ec4\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u8f6c\u53d1\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5bf9\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edcARP\u6d41\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u62d3\u6251\u4e3a\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5MAC\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u94fe\u8def<\/p>\n \u8def\u7531\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e7f\u64ad\u98ce\u66b4\u4fdd\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n \u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5373\u63d2\u5373\u7528\u7684\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u901f\u7387\u6162<\/p>\n \u865a\u62df\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/strong><\/p>\n \u6bcf\u4e2aVLAN\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\uff0c\u4e0d\u540cVLAN\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n PPP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u5728\u4e32\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u5e27\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u62c6\u9664\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae(LCP)\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae(NCP)<\/p>\n 1\u3001\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n \u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ad9\u5173\u8054<\/p>\n \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e3b\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u57fa\u7ad9\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u7b49\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n \u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5355\u8df3\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1aWIFI\uff0c3G<\/p>\n \u5355\u8df3\u65e0\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1a\u84dd\u7259<\/p>\n \u591a\u8df3\u6709\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1a\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u72b6\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n \u591a\u8df3\u65e0\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1a\u8f66\u8f7d\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n 2\u3001\u65e0\u9650\u94fe\u8def\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81<\/strong><\/p>\n \u65e0\u7ebf\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/p>\n \u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u3001\u6613\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\u3001\u591a\u5f84\u4f20\u64ad<\/p>\n CSMA\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u591a\u8df3\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a<\/p>\n \u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ea\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u70b9\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5f71\u54cd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u7ed3\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u70b9\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n \u9690\u85cf\u7ed3\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u70b9\u542c\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u63a5\u6536\u7ed3\u70b9\u63a5\u6536<\/p>\n \u66b4\u9732\u7ed3\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u53d1\u9001\u7ed3\u70b9\u80fd\u542c\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u63a5\u6536\u7ed3\u70b9\u63a5\u6536<\/p>\n 3\u3001802.11\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51<\/strong><\/p>\nCH2 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/h3>\n
\n\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5c0f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\nCH3 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/h3>\n
CH4 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/h3>\n
CH5 \u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/h3>\n
CH6 \u65e0\u7ebf\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc<\/h3>\n