{"id":107,"date":"2021-04-16T13:49:31","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T05:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/18.141.9.105\/?p=107"},"modified":"2021-04-16T13:49:31","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T05:49:31","slug":"archsum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yunpeng.site\/index.php\/2021\/04\/16\/archsum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u603b\u7ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u7b80\u5355\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1 CH1\u3001CHA\u3001CHC<\/h2>\n

Intro<\/h3>\n

1\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5e7f\u4e49\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n

PPT\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u529f\u8017\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7ea6\u675f<\/p>\n

\u8bfe\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u6216\u5fae\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u786c\u4ef6<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\uff1aISA\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u73b0(\u786c\u4ef6)<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e2a\u4eba\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027<\/p>\n

\u684c\u9762\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4<\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u541e\u5410\u7387<\/p>\n

\u4ed3\u5e93\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6d6e\u70b9\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9ad8\u901f\u5185\u90e8\u4e92\u8054<\/p>\n

\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1a\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u80fd\u8017\u4ee5\u53ca\u9762\u5411\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u7840 CH1<\/h3>\n

1\u3001\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u8017\u548c\u80fd\u8017\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u80fd\u8017\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u903b\u8f91\u53d8\u4e3a0->1->0\u62161->0->1\u7684\u80fd\u8017(\u4e24\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362) \u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e \u5bb9\u6027\u8d1f\u8f7d X \u7535\u538b$^2$<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u9700\u8981\u7684\u529f\u7387 \u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e 1\/2 X \u5bb9\u6027\u8d1f\u8f7d X \u7535\u538b$^2$ X \u5f00\u5173\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n

\u964d\u4f4e\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\uff1b\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u548c\u80fd\u8017<\/p>\n

\u70ed\u8bbe\u8ba1\u529f\u7387TDP\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5cf0\u503c\u6d88\u8017\u4f46\u662f\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5e73\u5747\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u4e0e\u529f\u8017\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c11\u52a8\u6001\u529f\u8017\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u949f<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u538b\u548c\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u8d85\u9891<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u529f\u8017\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u529f\u7387 \u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e \u9759\u6001\u7535\u6d41 * \u7535\u538b<\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0b\u80fd\u8017\u8d8a\u5c0f\u5219\u80fd\u6548\u8d8a\u9ad8<\/p>\n

\u529f\u8017\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5ea6\u91cf<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u541e\u5410\u7387<\/p>\n

\u552f\u4e00\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5ea6\u91cf\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5012\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4(\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbf\u95ee\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u95f4)\u3001CPU\u65f6\u95f4(\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u95f4)<\/p>\n

\u541e\u5410\u7387\u6307\u5355\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6570<\/p>\n

\u7f29\u77ed\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u7387\uff1b\u786c\u4ef6\u5e76\u884c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u541e\u5410\u7387<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

CPI = \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684CPU\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u6570\/\u6307\u4ee4\u6570<\/p>\n

CPU\u65f6\u95f4=\u6307\u4ee4\u6570 X CPI X \u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\uff1aISA\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cdCPI\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u548cISA<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u7ec4\u6210<\/p>\n

\u82e5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684CPI\uff0c\u5219<\/p>\n

$CPI = \\sum ^n _{i=1} Feq_i \\times CPI_i$ $Feq_i$\u4e3a\u7b2ci\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5360\u603b\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/p>\n

3\u3001Amdahl\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u603b\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4 = $\\frac{1}{(1-\u5347\u7ea7\u6bd4\u4f8b) + \u5347\u7ea7\u6bd4\u4f8b\/\u5347\u7ea7\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4}$<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6539\u8fdb\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5219\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7$\\frac{1}{1-\u5347\u7ea7\u6bd4\u4f8b} $<\/p>\n

Amdahl\u5b9a\u5f8b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\uff1b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u968f\u7740\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6570\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong><\/p>\n

MIPS\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u79d2\u767e\u4e07\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u6570<\/p>\n

MIPS = 1\/(CPI * T * $10^6$ ) T\u4e3a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

FLOPS\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d6e\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u975e\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

Benchmark\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u771f\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5c0f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5408\u6210\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

SPEC Ratio = \u57fa\u51c6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u67d0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\/\u5f85\u6d4b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u7528\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7efc\u5408\uff1a$^n \\sqrt{\\prod ^n _{i=1} SPEC \\ ratio_i}$<\/p>\n

\u91c7\u7528\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6bd4\u503c\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\uff1b\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u6bd4\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u503c\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5e73\u5747<\/p>\n

\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784 CHA<\/h3>\n

1\u3001ISA\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6808\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u9690\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u6808\u9876\u90e8<\/p>\n

\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u9690\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\u5185<\/p>\n

\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u663e\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570(\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u5668)\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668-\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784(\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5668)\u548c\u8f7d\u5165-\u5b58\u50a8\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784(\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u8f7d\u5165\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5668)<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5bfb\u5740<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5c3e\u7aef\uff1a\u5927\u5c3e\u7aef(\u5b57\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5b57\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5730\u5740)\u3001\u5c0f\u5c3e\u7aef(\u5b57\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5b57\u4e2d\u6700\u5c0f\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5730\u5740)\uff1b\u5373\u5c0f\u5c3e\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u5012\u5e8f\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u5927\u5c3e\u7aef\u4e0d\u53d8<\/p>\n

\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u5bfb\u5740\u3001\u7acb\u5373\u6570\u5bfb\u5740\u548c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u591a<\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e94\u8be5\u572812-16bits\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u6570\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e94\u8be5\u57288-16bits<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u6765\u6307\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5355\u5b57\u548c\u53cc\u5b57\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6700\u591a<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u7b97\u903b\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927<\/p>\n

CISC\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u7a0b\u5e8f\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee3\u66ff\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e32<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5427\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd<\/p>\n

RISC\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0fCPI\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u6307\u4ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\u3001\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n

\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1aPC\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfb\u5740\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff1a\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4fdd\u5b58(\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528)\u3001\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4fdd\u5b58<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7f16\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u7c7b\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u5b9a\u957f\u7f16\u7801(\u5c06\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u4e2d)\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u6a21\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u53d8\u957f\u7f16\u7801\uff1b\u6027\u80fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5219\u9009\u62e9\u5b9a\u957f\u7f16\u7801<\/p>\n

7\u3001MIPS\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

32\u4e2a64\u4f4d\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u300132\u4e2a64\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n

\u7acb\u5373\u6570\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f16\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u662f32\u4f4d\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u53606\u4f4d<\/p>\n

3\u79cd\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\uff1aI\u578b\u3001R\u578b\u3001J\u578b<\/p>\n

4\u7c7b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u8f7d\u5165\/\u5b58\u50a8\u3001ALU\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u5206\u652f\u4e0e\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u5c0626\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5de6\u79fb2\u4f4d\u540e\u66ff\u6362PC\u540e28\u4f4d\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

2\u79cd\u8df3\u8f6c\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u3001\u8df3\u8f6c\u5e76\u94fe\u63a5(\u8fd8\u4f1a\u628a\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u653e\u5165R31)<\/p>\n

8\u3001RISC-V\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a\u901a\u7528<\/p>\n

32\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u300132\u4e2a64\u4f4d\u6d6e\u70b9\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001FP\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001PC<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u957f\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f(\u4e09\u79cd\u957f\u5ea6)<\/p>\n

9\u3001\u5fae\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5730\u5740\u7ebf\uff1a$\\mu PC$\u4f4d\u6570+\u64cd\u4f5c\u7801\u4f4d\u6570+2<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\uff1a$\\mu PC$\u4f4d\u6570+18<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u5e73\u578b\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u6bcf\u6761\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5fae\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u8f83\u5bbd<\/p>\n

\u5782\u76f4\u578b\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u6bcf\u6761\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fae\u6307\u4ee4\u8f83\u7a84<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf CHC<\/h3>\n

1\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u91cd\u53e0\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6280\u672f<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u6700\u6162\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u6bb5\u6240\u9700\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u5747\u8861<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5b58\u5728\u88c5\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6392\u7a7a\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u76f8\u5173<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u5c06\u65b0\u6307\u4ee4\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5148\u524d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aRAW\u3001WAR(\u53cd\u76f8\u5173)\u3001WAW(\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u5173)<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001Interlock\u673a\u5236(\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u505c\u987f)\uff1a\u5728issue\u6bb5\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u89e3\u9664<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u8f6c\u53d1\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u65c1\u8def\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u6295\u673a\uff1a\u731c\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u731c\u9519\u4e86\u518d\u66f4\u6b63<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001Flush\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u9009\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u9009\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5206\u652f<\/p>\n

\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4 = \u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6df1\u5ea6\/(1 + \u5206\u652f\u9891\u7387 * \u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u4ef7)<\/p>\n

\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u5148\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\uff1aBTB\u3001BHT<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u9677\u9631\uff1a\u56e0\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u88ab\u8feb\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u76d1\u63a7\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u65ad\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u8f6c\u79fb<\/p>\n

\u7cbe\u786e\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f15\u8d77\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5f02\u5e38\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u652f\u6301\u7cbe\u786e\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u5c06\u5f02\u5e38\u6807\u5fd7\u4fdd\u7559\u5230\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6d41\u6c34\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u5f02\u5e38\u9884\u6d4b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u6062\u590d\u6267\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff1a\u4ec5\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u9636\u6bb5\u6539\u53d8\u673a\u5668\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u541e\u5410\u7387\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

$TP = \\frac{n}{T_k}$ $n$\u4e3a\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\uff0c$T_k$\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210n\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a(\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a$\\Delta t$)<\/p>\n

$TP = \\frac{n}{(k+n-1)\\Delta t}$<\/p>\n

$TP _{max} = \\frac{1}{\\Delta t}$<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n

$TP = \\frac{n}{\\sum ^k _{i=1} \\Delta t_i + (n-1)max{\\Delta t_1, \u2026, \\Delta t_k}}$<\/p>\n

$TP_{max} = \\frac{1}{max{\\Delta t_1, \u2026, \\Delta t_k}}$<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u74f6\u9888\u6bb5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7ec6\u5206\u74f6\u9888\u6bb5\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u74f6\u9888\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n

$S = \\frac{nk}{n+k-1}$<\/p>\n

$S _{max} = k$<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n

$S = \\frac{n\\sum ^k _{i=1} \\Delta t_i}{\\sum ^k _{i=1} \\Delta t_i + (n-1)max{\\Delta t_1, \u2026, \\Delta t_k}}$<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u5728\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u505c\u987f\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6bd4 = 1\/(1 + \u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u505c\u987f\u5468\u671f) * \u975e\u6d41\u6c34\u5316\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\/\u6d41\u6c34\u5316\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5907\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u503c<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n

$E = e_1 = \u2026 = e_k = \\frac{n}{n+k-1} = TP \\times \\Delta t = S\/S_{max}$<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5404\u6bb5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff1a<\/p>\n

$E = \\frac{n\\sum ^k _{i=1} \\Delta t_i}{k[\\sum ^k _{i=1} \\Delta t_i + (n-1) max{\\Delta t_1,\u2026,\\Delta_k}]}$<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u6269\u5c55MIPS\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u5468\u671f\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d6e\u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6539\u53d8\uff1a<\/p>\n

EX\u6bb5\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6570<\/p>\n

\u8d77\u59cb\u95f4\u9694\/\u91cd\u590d\u95f4\u9694\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6d6e\u70b9\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u5355\u5143\u672a\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6d41\u6c34\u5316\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5192\u9669<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u591a\u6b21\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5199\u5165\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u7531\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbeWB\u6bb5\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751fWAW\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u987a\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c04\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u2464\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8f83\u957f\uff0cRAW\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u505c\u987f\u53d8\u591a<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728ID\u6bb5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5199\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u6682\u505c\u6307\u4ee4\u53d1\u5c04\uff1b\u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u5165MEM\u6216WB\u6bb5\u65f6\uff0c\u6682\u505c\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8ba9\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5148\u5199(\u56e0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684RAW\u76f8\u5173)<\/p>\n

WAW\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540e\u7eed\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u8fbeMEM\u6bb5\uff1b\u5e9f\u9664\u524d\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728ID\u6bb5\u505a\u76f8\u5173\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b8c\u4e0b\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u540e\u624d\u53ef\u53d1\u5c04\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u3001RAW\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u3001WAW\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u7cbe\u786e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u5ffd\u7565\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5168\u90e8\u6267\u884c\u5b8c<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u5c04\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u624d\u53d1\u5c04\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

6\u3001MIPS R4000\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u516b\u7ea7\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n

\u5206\u89e3\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f7d\u5165\u5ef6\u8fdf\u589e\u52a0\u52302\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u652f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u5206\u652f\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e3a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u8f7d\u5165\u505c\u987f\u3001\u5206\u652f\u505c\u987f\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9RAW\u505c\u987f\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u505c\u987f<\/p>\n

\u964d\u4f4e\u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1 CH2\u3001CHB<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0eDRAM\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5229\u7528Cache\u6765\u7f13\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ea7\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u8fd1\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u63a5\u8fd1\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5c42\u6b21\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0cCache\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u78c1\u76d8\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u5ea6<\/p>\n

2\u3001Cache\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

CPU\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4 = (CPU\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u6570 + \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u505c\u987f\u5468\u671f\u6570) * \u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u505c\u987f\u5468\u671f\u6570 = \u6307\u4ee4\u6570 * \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u64cd\u4f5c\u6bd4\u4f8b * \u7f3a\u5931\u7387 * \u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7 = \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570 * \u7f3a\u5931\u7387 * \u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7 = \u7f3a\u5931\u6570 * \u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u5931\u6570 = \u7f3a\u5931\u7387 * \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5e73\u5747\u8bbf\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4 = \u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4 + \u7f3a\u5931\u7387 * \u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7 = L1\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4 + L1\u7f3a\u5931\u7387 *(L2 \u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4 + L2\u7f3a\u5931\u7387 * L2\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7)<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9700\u8981\u51cf\u53bb\u91cd\u53e0\u7f3a\u5931\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n

3\u3001Cache\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6620\u8c61\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u53ea\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e \u9009\u62e9\u5757\uff1a\u5757\u5730\u5740 MOD \u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5168\u76f8\u8054\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u76f8\u8fde\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5185\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e \u9009\u62e9\u7ec4\uff1a\u5757\u5730\u5740 MOD \u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u6570<\/p>\n

n\u8def\u7ec4\u76f8\u8054\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u6709n\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u5757<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u8054\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5219Cache\u7a7a\u95f4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5931\u6548\u7387\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff1b\u4f46Cache\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u5f88\u590d\u6742<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7531\u5757\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5757\u504f\u79fb\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5757\u504f\u79fb\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5757\u5730\u5740\u7531\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5168\u76f8\u8fde\u6620\u8c61\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u5e76\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6807\u5fd7\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e3a$2^N$\u5b57\u8282\u7684Cache\uff0c\u5757\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u670932-N\u6bd4\u7279<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5168\u76f8\u8054\u548c\u7ec4\u76f8\u8054\u9700\u8981<\/p>\n

\u968f\u673a\u66ff\u6362\u3001LRU\u3001FIFO<\/p>\n

LRU\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\u597d\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u5199\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5199\u76f4\u8fbe\uff1a\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 \u5bb9\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u6162<\/p>\n

\u5199\u56de\uff1a\u4ec5\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u7f13\u5b58 \u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3001\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5411\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5199\u4e00\u6b21\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/p>\n

\u5199\u5165\u7f3a\u5931\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5199\u5206\u914d\uff1a\u5148\u628a\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5757\u8c03\u5165\u7f13\u5b58\u518d\u6267\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5199\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c03\u5165\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5199\u56de\u6cd5\u7528\u5199\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u5199\u76f4\u8fbe\u6cd5\u7528\u5199\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u57fa\u672cCache\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cache\u7f3a\u5931\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u5bb9\u91cf\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u7f3a\u5931<\/p>\n

2\uff1a1Cache\u7ecf\u9a8c\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3aN\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04Cache\u7684\u5931\u6548\u7387\u7ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3aN\/2\u7684\u4e24\u8def\u7ec4\u76f8\u8fdeCache\u7684\u5931\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u589e\u5927\u5757\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5236\u7f3a\u5931(\u56e0\u4e3a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027)\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5757\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\u7f3a\u5931\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7f3a\u5931<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5931\u6548\u7387\u5148\u4e0b\u964d\u518d\u4e0a\u5347\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u7f13\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f4e\u5931\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u8d8a\u5927<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5bb9\u91cf\u7f3a\u5931\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4f1a\u5ef6\u957f\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6210\u672c\u548c\u529f\u8017<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u76f8\u8054\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5ef6\u957f\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/p>\n

8\u8def\u7ec4\u76f8\u8054\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u7387\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u5168\u76f8\u8054\u5df2\u7ecf\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Victim Cache<\/p>\n

Victim Cache\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u76f8\u8054Cache\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8eCache\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04Cache\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5757\u5148\u653e\u5165Victim Cache\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u7f3a\u5931\u65f6\u5148\u53bbVictim Cache\u4e2d\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04Cache\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2464\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u7ea7Cache<\/p>\n

\u5c40\u90e8\u5931\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u8be5\u7f13\u5b58\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8be5\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570<\/p>\n

\u5168\u5c40\u5931\u6548\u7387\uff1a\u8be5\u7f13\u5b58\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u9664\u4ee5\u603b\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u505c\u987f\u65f6\u95f4 = \u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684L1\u7f3a\u5931\u6570 * L2\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4 + \u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684L2\u7f3a\u5931\u6570 * L2\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ea7Cache\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u7f29\u77edAMAT<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7ea7Cache\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5c0f\u5bb9\u91cf\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u80fd\u8017(\u4e00\u7ea7Cache\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u51cf\u5c0f\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4)\uff0c\u4e8c\u7ea7Cache\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5168\u5c40\u5931\u6548\u7387(\u4e8c\u7ea7Cache\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u51cf\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u7387)<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ea7\u5305\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728L1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5757\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728L2\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cL1\u7f3a\u5931L2\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06L2\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230L1\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cL1L2\u90fd\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230L1\u548cL2\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u5bf9L1\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u540c\u65f6\u5199\u5230L1\u548cL2(\u5199\u76f4\u8fbe)\uff1b\u5199\u56de\u7b56\u7565\u7528\u4e8eL2\u548c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u82e5L2\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5219L1\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u4e5f\u8981\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ea7\u4e0d\u5305\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

L1\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728L2\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cL1\u7f3a\u5931L2\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06L2\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u4e0eL1\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u4e92\u6362<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cL1\u548cL2\u90fd\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5c06\u5757\u4ec5\u4ec5\u62f7\u8d1d\u7ed9L1<\/p>\n

L1\u4e0eL2\u3001L2\u4e0e\u66f4\u4f4e\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5199\u7b56\u7565\u5747\u4e3a\u5199\u56de<\/p>\n

\u2465\u3001\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5199\u76f4\u8fbe\u6cd5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5199\u56de\u6cd5\u7528Victim Cache<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u751f\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f3a\u5931\u65f6\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5199\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u4e14\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2466\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u7f13\u5b58\u671f\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f29\u77ed\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u7d22\u5f15\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7Cache\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f29\u77ed\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u5c0f\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7Cache<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u7ea7Cache\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u76f8\u8054\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u8def\u9884\u6d4b<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u4f4d\u7528\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u6216\u5757<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0Cache\u5e26\u5bbd\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001Cache\u8bbf\u95ee\u6d41\u6c34\u5316<\/p>\n

Cache\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u6784\u6210<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u65e0\u963b\u585eCache<\/p>\n

Hit under a miss\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7f3a\u5931\u671f\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9bhit\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n

Hit under multiple Misses\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u7f3a\u5931\u671f\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u63d0\u4f9bhit\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n

MSHR\u5305\u542b\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2aLoad\/Store\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5757\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u5931\u6548\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6210\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u8d77\u5b58\u50a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5931\u6548\u3001\u540e\u7eed\u5931\u6548\u3001MSHR\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u65f6\u7684\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5f53Cache\u5931\u6548\u65f6\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5MSHR\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5757\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u9879<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684MSHR\u548c\u8868\u9879<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679cMSHR\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u5219\u505c\u987f<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f20\u8f93\u5757\u65f6:<\/p>\n

Load\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u88c5\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n

Store\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709Load\/Store\u5931\u6548\u540e\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u8868\u9879<\/p>\n

\u2464\u3001\u591a\u7ec4\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u7f13\u5b58\u589e\u52a0\u8bbf\u95ee\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u7f13\u5b58\u7ec4<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u5931\u6548\u5f00\u9500:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2465\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f18\u5148\u548c\u63d0\u524d\u91cd\u542f\u52a8<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f18\u5148\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u8bf7\u6c42CPU\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u5165\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u524d\u91cd\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u8bf7\u6c42\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5b57\u4e00\u5230\u8fbe\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u53d1\u7ed9CPU<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u624d\u6709\u6548<\/p>\n

\u2466\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/p>\n

Cache\u5411\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5199\u4e0e\u8be5\u5757\u5408\u5e76<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u89e3\u7531\u4e0e\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u505c\u987f<\/p>\n

I\/O\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5408\u5e76<\/p>\n

\u964d\u4f4e\u5931\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2467\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u6307\u4ee4\u5931\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u786e\u6027<\/p>\n

\u51cf\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u5931\u6548\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u6539\u5584\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027(\u5206\u5757)\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c40\u90e8\u6027(\u5faa\u73af\u4ea4\u6362)<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u884c\u964d\u4f4e\u5931\u6548\u4ee3\u4ef7\u548c\u5931\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2468\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u9884\u53d6<\/p>\n

CPU\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u5757\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5f53\u7f3a\u5931\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u53d6\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u7f13\u5b58\u5757\u653e\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u653e\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u2469\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u9884\u53d6<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u9884\u53d6\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u503c\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u9884\u53d6\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u6545\u969c\u6027\u9884\u53d6\uff1a\u82e5\u9884\u53d6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u5219\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u975e\u6545\u969c\u6027\u9884\u53d6\uff1a\u82e5\u9884\u53d6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u5219\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u9884\u53d6\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5931\u6548\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8f83\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u4e24\u6b21<\/p>\n

\u5931\u6548\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5faa\u73af\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00\u591a\u6b21\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u53d6<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

DRAM\uff1a\u7834\u574f\u6027\u8bfb\uff1b\u6bcfbit\u4e00\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff1b\u5730\u5740\u7ebf\u590d\u7528<\/p>\n

SRAM\uff1a\u6bcfbit\u516d\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1<\/p>\n

DRAM\u4f18\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b9a\u65f6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u884c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u5411DRAM\u63a5\u53e3\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u91cd\u590d\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f00\u9500(SDRAM \u540c\u6b65DRAM)<\/p>\n

\u2462\u3001\u62d3\u5bbdDRAM\u5bbd\u5ea6(\u6570\u636e\u603b\u7ebf)<\/p>\n

\u2463\u3001\u5728\u65f6\u949f\u4e0a\u5347\u6cbf\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u6cbf\u5747\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e(DDR)<\/p>\n

\u964d\u4f4eSDRAM\u529f\u8017\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7535\u538b<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u7701\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

Simple\uff1aCPU\u3001Cache\u3001Bus\u3001Memory\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bbd\u5ea6<\/p>\n

Wide\uff1aCPU\u6570\u636e\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3aN\u4e2a\u5b57<\/p>\n

Interleaved\uff1aMemory\u6570\u636e\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3aN\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bbd\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u5b57<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e3b\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u589e\u5927\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5bbd\u5ea6(\u5e76\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5668)<\/p>\n

\u591a\u4f53\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4f53\u6570\u76ee >= \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f53\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u6570<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u5740\uff1a\u53d6\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4f53\u53f7\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4f53\u5185\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u5740\uff1a\u53d6\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740\u4f4e\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4f53\u53f7\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4f53\u5185\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

7\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e3b\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u5b58-\u78c1\u76d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684<\/p>\n

Cache\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n

Cache\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u5b58\u901f\u5ea6\uff1b\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf<\/p>\n

Cache\u5931\u6548\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5931\u6548\u7531OS\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

Cache\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0eCPU\u65e0\u5173\uff1b\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7531CPU\u5730\u5740\u786e\u5b9a<\/p>\n

Cache\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u662f\u4e3b\u5b58\uff1b\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u662f\u78c1\u76d8<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u79cd\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9875\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u9875\u7f16\u53f7+\u9875\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u6bb5\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6bb5\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6bb5\u5185\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u6620\u8c61\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5168\u76f8\u8054\u6620\u5c04<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u67e5\u627e\u6bb5\u8868\u6216\u9875\u8868\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u6bb5\u57fa\u5740\u6216\u9875\u57fa\u5740\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u76f8\u52a0\u5f97\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u66ff\u6362\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

LRU<\/p>\n

\u5199\u7b56\u7565:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5199\u56de\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u9875\u5927\u5c0f\u9009\u62e9:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9875\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u51cf\u5c0f\u9875\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u964d\u4f4eTLB\u7f3a\u5931\u7387\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u788e\u7247\u591a\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u5931\u4ee3\u4ef7\u589e\u5927<\/p>\n

TLB\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e24\u6b21\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u9875\u8868\u83b7\u53d6\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

TLB\u5b58\u653e\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\uff0c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u8868\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u526f\u672c<\/p>\n

TLB\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u9879\u5b58\u50a8\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u6709\u6548\u4f4d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u3001\u91cd\u5199\u4f4d<\/p>\n

TLB\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7247\u5185\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u8054\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206 \u6307\u4ee4\u7ea7\u5e76\u884c CH3<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u771f\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u88ab\u540e\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u5230\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u524d\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u4e2d\u95f4\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6307\u4ee4\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u540e\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u5230\uff0c\u5219\u540e\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u524d\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u52a8\u65f6<\/p>\n

\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u76f8\u5173(WAR)\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u76f8\u5173(WAW)<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebfCPI = \u7406\u60f3CPI + \u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u505c\u987f + WAR\u505c\u987f + RAW\u505c\u987f + WAW\u505c\u987f + \u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u5173\u505c\u987f + \u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u505c\u987f<\/p>\n

WAR\u5192\u9669\u53ea\u5728\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u95f4\u5c55\u5f00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u8fed\u4ee3\u95f4\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u7ec8\u70b9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5faa\u73af\u7ec8\u6b62\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u8c03\u6574\u504f\u79fb\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610fLoad\/Store\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e0d\u540c\u8fed\u4ee3\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u5c55\u5f00\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u540d\u79f0\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u65b9\u6848<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u505c\u987f\u540e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u524d\u6d41\u52a8<\/p>\n

ID\u6bb5\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u53d1\u5c04\u3001\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570<\/p>\n

EX\u9636\u6bb5\u9700\u8981\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u5c04\u662f\u6309\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u7684<\/p>\n

\u987a\u5e8f\u53d1\u5c04\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\u8bb0\u5206\u724c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u5c04 \u2014 \u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u548cWAW\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c04\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570 \u2014 \u5f53\u6ca1\u6709RAW\u76f8\u5173\u65f6(\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684)\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c \u2014 \u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u5199\u7ed3\u679c \u2014 \u5f53\u6ca1\u6709WAR\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\uff0c\u5199\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

\u8bb0\u5206\u724c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6307\u4ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u72b6\u6001\uff1a<\/p>\n

9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u5fd9\u3001Op(\u6b64\u5355\u5143\u5185\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c)\u3001Fi(\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668)\u3001Fj,Fk(\u6e90\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53f7)\u3001Qj,Qk(\u4ea7\u751f\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143)\u3001Rj,Rk(\u6307\u793a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5df2\u5c31\u7eea\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7)<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u6307\u4ee4\u4ee5\u8be5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6c\u53d1\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u7a97\u53e3\u8f83\u5c0f\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u4ef6\u6570\u76ee\u8f83\u5c11\u3001WAR\u548cWAW\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u505c\u987f\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

Tomasulo\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143(\u8f7d\u5165\u5b58\u50a8\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u9664\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u662f\u8f7d\u5165\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7f13\u51b2\u533a) \u90fd\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u529f\u80fd\u7531\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u56de\u9a6c\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7531\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u5192\u9669\u68c0\u6d4b\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff1b\u6d88\u9664\u4e86WAW\u548cWAR\u505c\u987f<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

Op(\u5bf9\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c)\u3001Qj,Qk(\u4ea7\u751f\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u4e3a0\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff1b\u7f13\u51b2\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u4e2d\u7684Qk\u8868\u793a\u4ea7\u751f\u5730\u5740\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9)\u3001Vj,Vk(\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u503c)\u3001Busy\u3001A(\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8f7d\u5165\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f)<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5806\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5Qi\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u6b64\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u7f16\u53f7<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u5c04\uff1a\u5f53\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u6307\u4ee4\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8be5\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e3a\u51c6\u5907\u597d\uff0c\u5219\u8ddf\u8e2a\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff0c\u5219\u505c\u987f\u3002\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\u548cWAR\u3001WAW\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u907f\u514dRAW\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u5199\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u9700\u8981\u8be5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u53d7\u9650\u4e8eCDB<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u63a8\u65ad\u6267\u884c\u7684Tomasulo\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u6392\u5e8f\u7f13\u51b2\u533aROB\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5305\u542b\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u503c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u5c31\u7eea\u5b57\u6bb5<\/p>\n

\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u53d1\u5c04\uff1a\u5f53\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7a7a\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\u4e14ROB\u4e2d\u6709\u7a7a\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u5c04\u6307\u4ee4\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216ROB\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff1b\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u914d\u7684ROB\u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u53f7\u4e5f\u53d1\u7ed9\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\uff1a\u5f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u90fd\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u7eea\u5c31\u76d1\u89c6CDB<\/p>\n

\u5199\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7b49\u5f85\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u7ad9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u679c\u7684ROB<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u8fbeROB\u5934\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u503c\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u5199\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u5b58\u50a8\u5668(\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4)\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u8868\u9879\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5219\u5237\u65b0ROB\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4ece\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u786e\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5f53\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5230\u8fbeROB\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5237\u65b0ROB\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u907f\u514dRAW\u771f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5047\u76f8\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6761\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u8fd9\u6761\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u524d\u9762\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u975e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff1a\u505c\u987f\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49<\/p>\n

Total ordering\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u6307\u4ee4\u987a\u5e8f\u6765<\/p>\n

Partial ordering\uff1a\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e71\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

Load ordering\uff0cstore ordering\uff1a\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u63a8\u6d4b\uff1a\u63a8\u6d4b\u4e24\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u76f8\u5173\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u8fc7ROB\u5237\u65b0<\/p>\n

store ordering\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u524d\u9762\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u9884\u6d4b\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n

(m,n)\u76f8\u5173\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u6700\u8fd1m\u6b21\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\u6709n\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5206\u652f\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u548cm\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u4f4d\u7ec4\u5408\u5f62\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5668<\/p>\n

(m,n)\u5c40\u90e8\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u5206\u652f\u7684\u6700\u8fd1m\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u8be5\u5206\u652f<\/p>\n

\u7ade\u8d5b\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u9884\u6d4b\u5668\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u9884\u6d4b\u5668<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u591a\u53d1\u5c04\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u4e0d\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8bd1\u7801\u548c\u53d1\u5c04\u5c31\u8d8a\u56f0\u96be<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f<\/p>\n

\u9759\u6001\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u5c31\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u53d1\u5c04<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Tomasulo\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8d85\u6807\u91cf\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u53d1\u9001\u4e24\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u6574\u5f62\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u6d6e\u70b9\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8f7d\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5b58\u50a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9632\u6b62RAW\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u8f7d\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9632\u6b62WAR\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u8f7d\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u6309\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62WAW\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u957f\u6307\u4ee4\u5b57\u6280\u672fVLIW\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5f97\u591a\u4e2a\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u957f\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf\u8f83\u5927<\/p>\n

\u591a\u53d1\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8c03\u5ea6\u5ef6\u65f6\u3001\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c(\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u4ef6\u6570\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\u7aef\u53e3\u6570\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7aef\u53e3\u6570\u53ca\u5e26\u5bbd)<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee5\u91cd\u53e0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e2d\u4ea4\u53c9\u6267\u884c\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ec5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u505c\u987f\u65f6\u624d\u5207\u6362\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u5207\u6362\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5185\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206 \u6570\u636e\u7ea7\u5e76\u884c CH4<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u52a8\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n

ILP\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5728\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3001\u65f6\u949f\u9891\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4CPI\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u96be\u6307\u4ee4\u9884\u53d6\u3001Cache\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e<\/p>\n

SIMD\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u4e32\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u3001SIMD\u6bd4MIMD\u66f4\u8282\u80fd<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5206\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5411\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u4ee5\u5df2\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636eCache\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u63a7\u5236\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668-\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u578b\u5411\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5e26\u5bbd\u3001\u91cd\u53e0\u6267\u884c\u96be\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u957f<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u3001\u5411\u91cf\u8f7d\u5165\/\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3001\u6807\u91cf\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

convey\uff1a\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u62a4\u822a\u6307\u4ee4\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u94fe\u63a5\u6280\u672f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aconvey\u4e2d\uff1bPPT\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173<\/p>\n

chime\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aconvey\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u6982\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u4ef6\u5ef6\u65f6(\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u8fc7\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4) + \u622a\u6b62\u65f6\u95f4(\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u5411\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4)<\/p>\n

\u8f66\u9053\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f66\u9053\u5305\u542b\u5411\u91cf\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7ec4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5411\u91cf\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5411\u91cf\u529f\u80fd\u5355\u5143\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u6761\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

VLR\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5411\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6MVL\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u5e26\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u505a\u6700\u5c0f\u7247\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6309\u6700\u5927\u7247\u505a<\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

$R_{\\infty}$\uff1a\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u957f\u65f6\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6700\u5927\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e38\u7528MFLOPS\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n

$R_{n}$\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3an\u65f6\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n

$N_{1\/2}$\uff1a\u8fbe\u5230$R_{\\infty}$\u4e00\u534a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

$N_v$\uff1a\u5411\u91cf\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u6807\u91cf\u4e32\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\u4e34\u754c\u503c<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ec4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7ec4\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u901f\u7387\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u901f\u7387\u80fd\u591f\u5339\u914d<\/p>\n

\u975e\u5355\u4f4d\u6b65\u5e45\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5143\u7d20\u8f7d\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7ec4\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u7ec4\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7ec4\u6570 \/ (\u6b65\u5e45\u4e0e\u7ec4\u6570\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u516c\u500d\u6570) < \u7ec4\u7e41\u5fd9\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u6761\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u524d\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u624d\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5411\u91cf\u906e\u7f69\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1a\u5411\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5728\u5411\u91cf\u906e\u7f69\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3a1\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u9677:<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5411\u91cf\u906e\u7f69\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u4e3a0\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u906e\u7f69\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4ec5\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ecd\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u96640\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4e2d-\u5206\u6563\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u7a00\u758f\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u7a00\u758f\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u975e0\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u51fa\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u96c6\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u5206\u6563\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5bc6\u96c6\u5411\u91cf\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5411\u91cf\u5206\u6563\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7a00\u758f\u77e9\u9635<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u975e\u7d22\u5f15\u8f7d\u5165\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u9635\u5217\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n

SIMD<\/p>\n

\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u90e8\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u505a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6807\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

VLIW\u662f\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u9635\u5217\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f5c\u7528\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u4e0a<\/p>\n

4\u3001SIMD\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u7684\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u6269\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u7684ISA\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u5df2\u6709\u768464bit\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u62c6\u62102\u4e2a32bit\u62164\u4e2a16bit\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u5411\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u548c\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

5\u3001GPU<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

SPMD\uff1aSingle Program Multiple Data \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728SIMD\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u7ec4\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210Warp<\/p>\n

GPU\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

GPU\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u6838\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aSIMD\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n

CPU\u5c06\u6574\u4e2aGrid\u53d1\u9001\u5230GPU\uff0cGrid\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5757\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u6838(\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5757\u4e5f\u53ef\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c)<\/p>\n

\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

SIMT\uff1aSingle Instruction Multiple Thread<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u91cf\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff1b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210Warp\u5f62\u6210SIMD\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7Warp\u4ea4\u53c9\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u9690\u85cf\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\uff0cISA\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n

\u5206\u652f\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2aWarp\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u652f\u53d1\u6563<\/p>\n

\u5206\u652f\u540c\u6b65\u5806\u6808\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5206\u652f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u8be5\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5c4f\u853d\u5b57<\/p>\n

\u6307\u4ee4\u6807\u8bb0\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406\u4f55\u65f6\u5206\u652f\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u6c47\u805a<\/p>\n

CUDA\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u7531PTX\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8f66\u9053\u76841\u6bd4\u7279\u8c13\u8bcd\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c4f\u853d\u5411\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u793a\u5404\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5206\u652f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u652f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u540e\u7eed\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u5408\u5e76\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5206\u652f\u53d1\u6563\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u5408\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684Warp<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\/\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2aSIMD\u8f66\u9053\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4e13\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea7<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\/\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u4e0a\u7684SIMD\u8f66\u9053\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5757\u7ea7<\/p>\n

GPU\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\/\u5168\u5c40\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u6574\u4e2aGPU\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\uff0cGrid\u7ea7<\/p>\n

##\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ea7\u5e76\u884c CH5<\/p>\n

1\u3001MIMD\u6210\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u591a\u5904\u7406\u673a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5728\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff1a\u6613\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7b80\u5316\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u4f4e\u3001Cache\u51cf\u5c0f\u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n

\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\uff1a\u786c\u4ef6\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u663e\u5f0f<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2460\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6709\u9650\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u5e76\u884c<\/p>\n

\u2461\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u540c\u4e00\u6027(consistency)\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027(coherence)\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u540c\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u65f6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684Cache\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1aI\/O(memory \u4e0edisk)\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684Cache(cache\u4e0ecache)<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5199\u5165\u503c\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5668\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5199\u5165\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u624d\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b\u5141\u8bb8\u65e0\u5e8f\u8bfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e32\u884c\u5199<\/p>\n

Cache\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a\u8fc1\u79fb(\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5e26\u5bbd\u9700\u6c42)\u3001\u590d\u5236(\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u4e89\u7528)<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u5f0f\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d<\/p>\n

\u76d1\u542c\u5f0f\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2aCache\u4fdd\u5b58\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5757\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5199\u4f5c\u5e9f(\u66f4\u5e38\u7528)\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5199\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9879\u4e4b\u524d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5b83\u5bf9\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u9879\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743<\/p>\n

\u5199\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5199\u67d0\u6570\u636e\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u64ad\u4f7f\u5176\u5b83Cache\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u9879\u62f7\u8d1d\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0<\/p>\n

\u5199\u4f5c\u5e9f\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5199\u66f4\u65b0\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8<\/p>\n

MSI\u5199\u4f5c\u5e9f\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1aModified\u3001Shared\u3001Invalidate<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5982\u679cmiss\uff0c\u5219\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u8bfb\u7f3a\u5931\uff1b\u5982\u679chit\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u975eM\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7(\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6Cache\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u5757\u4f5c\u5e9f)\uff1b\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679chit\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1b\u5982\u679cmiss\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c06\u5757\u5199\u56de\u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aCache\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5757\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4ed6Cache\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u5757\u7684Cache\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aS<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aCache\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5757\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff1a\u4f5c\u5e9f\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u5757\u7684Cache\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8be5\u5757\u4f5c\u5e9f<\/p>\n

\u5199\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2aS\u5757\u6216I\u5757\u7684\u5199\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6Cache\u90fd\u53ef\u89c1<\/p>\n

\u5199\u4e32\u884c\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u603b\u7ebf\u4e32\u884c\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a(\u5bf9M\u5757\u7684\u5199hit\u4e0d\u4f1a)<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8bfb\u8fdb\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e24\u4e2a\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u8bfb(I -> S)\uff0c\u5199(S -> M)<\/p>\n

MESI\u5199\u4f5c\u5e9f\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56db\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1aModified\u3001Shared\u3001Invalidate\u3001Exclusive(\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u65f6\u72ec\u5360\u7684\u4e14\u662f\u5e72\u51c0\u7684)<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5982\u679cmiss\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u8bfb\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4ed6Cache\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u5219\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aS\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3aE\uff1b\u5982\u679chit\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u5982\u679chit\uff0c\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aI\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aS\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u5347\u7ea7\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aE\u6216M\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1b\u5982\u679cmiss\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c06\u5757\u5199\u56de\u5b58\u50a8\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aCache\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5757\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aE\uff0c\u5219\u53d8\u4e3aS\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4ed6Cache\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u5757\u7684Cache\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aS<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aCache\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5757\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u6392\u4ed6\u8bfb\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff1a\u4f5c\u5e9f\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u7ec8\u6b62\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5411\u8bf7\u6c42\u8be5\u5757\u7684Cache\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8be5\u5757\u4f5c\u5e9f<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aCache\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5757\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u5347\u7ea7\u4fe1\u53f7\u65f6\uff1a\u4ec5\u4f5c\u5e9f\u5757<\/p>\n

MOESI\u5199\u4f5c\u5e9f\u534f\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1aOwned\uff0c\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u793a\u8be5Cache\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u5757\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u503c\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684<\/p>\n

\u540c\u65f6S\u6001\u7684\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0eO\u6001\u7684\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n

\u76d1\u542c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u653e\u6027\u6536\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5728\u975e\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u76d1\u542c\u56f0\u96be<\/p>\n

6\u3001\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u7684Cache\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u5355\u5904\u7406\u5668Cache\u6027\u80fd\u52a0\u4e0aCoherence miss<\/p>\n

Coherence Miss\uff1a\u7531\u5171\u4eab\u5757\u7684\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f15\u8d77<\/p>\n

\u771fmiss\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5199\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e00\u5757\u4f5c\u5e9f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u5047miss\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5199\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e00\u5757\u4f5c\u5e9f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u91cf(\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a1\u4e2a\u5b57\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u5931\u6548\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f)<\/p>\n

7\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684Cache\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u5f55\u5728\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4eabCache\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u79c1\u6709Cache\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u542b\u6709k\u4e2apresence bits(\u6307\u793a\u542b\u6709\u8be5\u5757\u7684CPU)\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79c1\u6709Cache\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff1aS\u3001M\u3001I<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u4eabCache\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff1aModified(\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709Cache\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005)\u3001Owned(\u5171\u4eabCache\u662fModified\u5757\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005)\u3001Shared\u3001Uncached<\/p>\n

CPU\u53d1\u51fa\u8bfb\u7f3a\u5931\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u4e2d\u53d6\u56de\u5757\u653e\u5165\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\uff0c\u79c1\u6709Cache\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aS\uff0c\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aO\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aS\uff1b\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aS\u6216O\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aS\uff1b\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aU\uff0c\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aS\uff1b<\/p>\n

CPU\u53d1\u51fa\u5199\u7f3a\u5931\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aM\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u4e2d\u53d6\u56de\u5757\u653e\u5165\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\uff0c\u79c1\u6709Cache\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aI\uff0c\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aM\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aM\uff1b\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aS\u6216O\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u6839\u636epresence bit\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u62e5\u6709\u8be5\u5757\u526f\u672c\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u53d1\u9001\u4f5c\u5e9f\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\u5bf9presence bit\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5171\u4eabCache\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3aM\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aM\uff1b\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u4e3aU\uff0c\u4ece\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684CPU\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684presence bit\u7f6e\u4f4d\uff0cCPU\u7684\u79c1\u6709Cache\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u72b6\u6001\u8bbe\u4e3aM\uff1b<\/p>\n

8\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u540c\u4e00\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u5171\u4eab\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u5e76\u53d1\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ea6\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u987a\u5e8f\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\u5982\u4f55\u4ea4\u53e0\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u6b21\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b21\u5e8f<\/p>\n

\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u786c\u4ef6\u6267\u884cload\u548cstore\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e8f\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u673a\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u8bd5<\/p>\n

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